Michael Shi Essays (536 words) - Narratology, Rhetoric, Reason

Michael Shi Reading Response 2 I chose to read "Animals Are Goo d to Think and Good to Prohibit " written by S. J. Tambiah . This is an ethnographic study published in 1969 that focuses on dietary rules regarding animals in a village in northeastern Thailand. He investigates the relationship between dietary restrictions and the animal classification scheme as well as the connection between dietary restrictions and sex and marriage. Tambiah does this by analyzing language, rules of sexual conduct and house arrangement and connecting specific marriage and sex rules to housing space rules and to eating rules. "The Aliens Have Landed! Reflections on the Rhetoric of Biological Invasions" is a more contemporary piece and was written in 2001 by Banu Subramaniam . Subramaniam analyzes the way we describe and think about invasive species and draws parallels to xenophobic attitudes towards immigrants. Subramaniam examines the language we use to speak about invasive species, looking at a variety of sources, including newspaper headlines and academic studies. For example, she argues that our use of the words "native" and "alien" are used as it suits our purposes. The "re-invention of the native' as the white settlers and not Native Americans'" ( Subramaniam , 36) appears again when it comes to exotic species that benefit us, such as crops that we find easy to grow. These two readings both focused on attitudes towards animals that came about from human societies. They look closely at human attitudes and find that they are consistent whether they are dealing with each other or animals. The piece by Tambiah deals with just one village in Thailand, whereas Subramaniam's essay focuses on the United States in modern time. As a result, Tambiah was able to be much more detailed and specific and draw complex relationships between animal classification systems, house arrangement, and eating rules. Subramaniam , on the other hand, drew from a larger variety of sources but didn't go as i n-depth. Both pieces made me think about how our views in human society translate to our attitudes towards animals and about how we view plants and animals similarly to ourselves. However, t he essay by Subramaniam was especially interesting to me as a result of recent events in the United States . Whenever I read things that uncover something unexpected or shocking about the world using select pieces of evidence or case studies such as in this essay , I'm always skeptical and question where the author gets their evidence. For example, I wonder how many articles and pieces of writing that describe invasive species don't speak about them in language similar to immigrants. I also wonder if Subramaniam is overanalyzing and creating something where there is nothing and I'm just going along with it because she has good logical reasoning in her thought process. I generally end up just accepting the author's conclusions, since I'm not sure how to verify their conclusions myself. Subramaniam , Banu . 2001. "The Aliens Have Landed! Reflections on the Rhetoric of Biological Invasions." Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 2 (1): 26-40. Tambiah , S. J. 1969. "Animals Are Good to Think and Good to Prohibit." Ethnology 8 (4): 423-59.

How to Face It †English Literature Essay

How to Face It – English Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers How to Face It English Literature Essay Often it’s hard to make the right decision. It’s much easier for people to go out and have fun rather than stay home and fix dinner for their children. A lot of people just go out and get a divorce rather than try to work things out with their spouse. It’s easier to stop going to school after finishing high school as opposed to going on to college. People who make better decisions end up doing better in life. Decisions and problem solving are the subject of many articles, books, and poems, such as Stephen Dobyns’ poem â€Å"How to Like It.† â€Å"While many of the poems have the illusion of an almost documentary objectivity, they reveal instead the soulful confessions of one individual in turmoil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  says Andy Brumer about Dobyns. In â€Å"How to Like It† the man in the poem is having trouble facing a problem of life, but ends up making the right decision in the end. There are several lines that indicate that the man is trying to avoid a problem. He wants to run away when the narrator says â€Å"like an unsettled feeling in the blood,/The desire to get in a car and just keep/driving† (Dobyns 6-8). The man is trying to run away from a problem or situation that he does not want to deal with. The dog says â€Å"Let’s go downtown and get/crazy drunk† (Dobyns 10-11). Drinking is a way many people use to forget or avoid their problems. Then the dog says, â€Å"Let’s tip over all the trashcans we can find† (Dobyns 12) as if the man is distraught and has an urge to trash everything in his life. He wants to leave everything behind and start new, which is symbolized by â€Å"†¦will be the lights/of a city entirely new to him† (Dobyns 71-72). It’s as if he wants to go where no one knows him to remind him of his problem. The man may be remembering something that happened to him earlier in life and its causing him distress. The narrator says, â€Å"†¦the man/is struck/by the apprehensiveness of his past†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dobyns 15-17). The man apparently always has memories of his past but now they are coming in clearer to him, as if he’s been thinking about them more than usual. This is shown by the lines â€Å"†¦how memories/which were shifting and fluid have/ grown more solid† (Dobyns 17-20). Then the man looks into the trees â€Å"until it seems he can see remembered/faces† (Dobyns 21-22). He is seeing people that he knows â€Å"caught up among the dark places/in the trees† (Dobyns 23-24). The word choice that the narrator uses is dark places and since dark is usually a symbol of evil or bad then these are not good memories that the man is having. Possibly he tries to block these memories out but on this night, he has been unsuccessful. Tonight they have come out to haunt him. Another part of this poem that shows the man is having trouble facing a problem is the dog. The dog seems to be the man’s conscience. When the dog speaks to the man, he is usually giving the man ways to get around the problem at hand without actually facing it. For instance the dog says, â€Å"Let’s pick up some girls/and just/rip off their clothes† (Dobyns 25-27). Going out and picking up women would be a way to try and have fun now and forget the problem until another time. Later in the poem the dog says â€Å"Let’s stuff ourselves on burgers† (Dobyns 46). People often eat when they are lonely although the food only makes them feel full physically, not emotionally. Then the dog says, â€Å"Let’s go to sleep. Let’s lie/down/by the fire†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dobyns 57-59). People often go to sleep as a way of escaping their problems. While it may help somewhat, it is still just a way to run away from them. Everything the dog sugge sts is a way of feeling good right now with no regard to the consequences that will happen later, until the last few lines. Then the man’s dog, or his conscience, seems to have a change of heart. The dog says, â€Å"Let’s just go back inside. / Let’s not do anything tonight† (Dobyns 73-74). So they go up the steps and back into the house, which is a symbol for going in to face the problem. The man chooses in the end to stand and fight, instead of running away. He is left â€Å"staring into the refrigerator/as if into the place where the answers/are kept† (Dobyns 88-90). The man isn’t sure of the answers, but he has made the decision to stick around and try to find them. The narrator says the man is looking for â€Å"what comes next and how/to like it† (Dobyns 95-96). The man is trying to deal with his problems in a way that is bearable to him. Problems occur in peoples’ lives all the time. Often when the situation seems unbearable, there is a struggle to not run away, or to not take the easy way out. Possibly he has realized that a superficial solution never really solves the problem; it just delays the time for having to face the music down the road. Brumer, Andy. â€Å"Dobyns, Stephen.† Contemporary Authors 18 (1986): 120-121. Dobyns, Stephen. â€Å"How to Like It.† ENG113 Poetry Handout. Fall 97. Research Papers on How to Face It - English Literature EssayThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtWhere Wild and West MeetStandardized TestingInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalResearch Process Part OneComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Planilla N-400 para ciudadanía por naturalización

Planilla N-400 para ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n Se puede adquirir la ciudadanà ­a de los Estados Unidos de varias formas, entre ellas la naturalizacià ³n. El formulario N-400 es el indicado para iniciar estos trmites. Este artà ­culo te guà ­a de manera sencilla para que puedas completar sin problemas la planilla N-400 y puedas jurar como ciudadano en aproximadamente 6 meses desde la fecha de inicio de todo el proceso. Quià ©n puede naturalizarse y asà ­ convertirse en estadounidense Los residentes permanentes legales pueden adquirir la nacionalidad americana por naturalizacià ³n. Si bien tienen que pasar un nà ºmero de aà ±os como titulares de la tarjeta de residencia (green card) antes de poder aplicar. El  tiempo de espera  varà ­a segà ºn cà ³mo se consiguià ³ la green card. Aunque hay varios supuestos y excepciones la regla general es que los esposos de ciudadanos deben esperar 3 aà ±os, mientras que el el resto de los residentes deben esperar 5 aà ±os. Extensià ³n de la planilla para pedir la ciudadanà ­a y quà © te vas a encontrar En cuanto a la extensià ³n de N-400,  tiene exactamente 21 pginas.   A tal fin, se hace una serie de preguntas divididas en 17 partes: Parte 1: elegibilidad.   Parte 2: Informacià ³n sobre ti (nombre, Nà ºmero del Seguro Social, fecha de nacimiento, solicitud de acomodacià ³n especial para la entrevista, peticià ³n de que se aplique una excepcià ³n para no presentar el examen de inglà ©s y/o cà ­vico, etc). Parte 3: Informacià ³n de contacto: telà ©fonos y cuenta de correo electrà ³nico. Parte 4: Datos sobre dà ³nde has vivido en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os. Parte 5: Informacià ³n sobre tus padres. Parte 6: Con el objeto de poder identificarte fà ­sicamente al verificar un posible expediente delictivo, Inmigracià ³n te pide que le informes sobre ciertos datos personales: altura, color de cabello y ojos, grupo à ©tnico, raza y gà ©nero. Parte 7: Informacià ³n sobre las escuelas o universidades a las que has atendido en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os y tus empleos en ese mismo periodo de tiempo. Parte 8: Descripcià ³n detallada de los viajes que has hecho fuera de Estados Unidos que han durado ms de 24 horas y que has realizado en los à ºltimos cinco aà ±os. Esta informacià ³n es muy importante ya que los residentes permanentes tienen limitado el tiempo que pueden pasar fuera de EEUU. Si lo sobrepasan pueden perder su condicià ³n de residentes y, consecuentemente, no podrà ­an aplicar por la ciudadanà ­a. Parte 9: Inmigracià ³n tambià ©n quiere saber con quià ©n ests casado/a y con quià ©n lo has estado en el pasado. Es decir, la historia de tus matrimonios, divorcios, separaciones o estado  de viudedad.   Parte 10: Inmigracià ³n tambià ©n quiere saber toda la informacià ³n relevante sobre tus hijos: biolà ³gicos, adoptados legalmente (no simplemente de crianza) o hijastros. No importa la edad, si viven en EEUU o en otro paà ­s, si estn solteros o casados o si son fruto de un matrimonio o de una relacià ³n extramatrimonial o anteriores al casamiento. En otras palabras, hay que incluir los datos de todos los hijos (incluidos los fallecidos). Parte 11: Informacià ³n adicional. Ms sobre esta parte, casi al final del artà ­culo, porque merece una explicacià ³n amplia. Parte 12: Tienes que firmar. En casos excepcionales de incapacidad fà ­sica o psà ­quica podr hacerlo un representante, que deber firmar primero con el nombre del representado y luego con el suyo propio, aà ±adiendo la aclaracià ³n designated representative. Esta persona NO es la preparadora que ayuda a llenar este formulario, si es que se precisa. Parte 13: Si tà º aplicas, pero es  tu esposa/o, primo, amigo, abogado, contable, etc, quien llena por ti este formulario, entonces deber completar esta parte. Parte 14: Si tus conocimientos del inglà ©s son limitados y necesita que alguien te traduzca el documento, entonces tà º y la persona que te hace de intà ©rprete tienen que completar esta parte. Parte 15: Dà ©jala en blanco en el momento de llenar el formulario. Tendrs que firmar pero lo hars en el momento de la entrevista cuando el oficial de inmigracià ³n te diga que tienes que hacerlo .No antes. Parte 16: en el poco probable caso de que seas un prà ­ncipe, condesa, marquesa o conde de otro paà ­s o tengas otro tà ­tulo nobiliario, debers renunciar a à ©l. Parte 17: Esta parte dà ©jala en blanco cuando llenes el formulario. Se trata de la parte de Juramento de lealtad a los Estados Unidos y se llenar delante del oficial de inmigracià ³n en la entrevista. Explicacià ³n con mayor detalle de la parte 11   Se hacen muchas preguntas donde hay que contestar Sà ­ o No. Algunas ya existen en el formulario actual. Pero se incluyen muchas nuevas, ms especà ­ficas.  Se trata de determinar tu carcter moral y si eres un peligro para la seguridad. Hay preguntas de todo tipo, desde si has votado alguna vez en EEUU o te has declarado ciudadano sin serlo a si has pertenecido a la policà ­a o al ejà ©rcito de cualquier paà ­s, si has militado o colaborado directamente con un partido comunista o uno totalitario. Si has formado parte de un grupo vigilante, guerrillas, paramilitares, etc. Tambià ©n quieren saber si has sido arrestado o condenado por un delito o falta. Incluso si has colaborado en grado de tentativa en un delito del que ni siquiera has sido arrestado. Es muy importante entender cà ³mo contestar en caso de tener un rà ©cord sellado. Asimismo, Inmigracià ³n quieres saber si alguna vez has sido ingresado en un hospital mental o institucià ³n similar, si has tenido un problema grave con el alcohol, si consumes droga, si te dedicaste a la prostitucià ³n, si has ayudado a cruzar ilegalmente la frontera a un extranjero o si no has pagado una pensià ³n alimenticia, cuando estabas obligado a ello. La lista es muy larga y hay que contestar honestamente. Si crees que alguna respuesta te puede acarrear problemas o se te pasa por la cabeza la idea de mentir, entonces este es el momento de parar de llenar el formulario y buscar ayuda legal. Un abogado de inmigracià ³n es el à ºnico que puede proporcionar asesorà ­a legal para tu caso en concreto. Aquà ­ puedes acceder a una base de datos para buscar por tu localidad. Pero puedes tambià ©n pedir consejo a una organizacià ³n acreditada de ayuda a inmigrantes para que te refieran a un abogado de confianza. Detalles de seguridad del formulario N-400   Desde hace unos aà ±os esta planilla incluye un  cà ³digo de barras en 2D. Esto hace que segà ºn se va cubriendo el formulario en la computadora y se pasa de pgina, la informacià ³n se codifica.   Despuà ©s imprimes el formulario, lo firmas y lo envà ­as al USCIS. Al llegar a las oficinas de inmigracià ³n un escner podr descodificar rpidamente la informacià ³n y à ©sta  se incorpora  a su sistema de computacià ³n. Entre las ventajas del nuevo sistema destacan: Reduce tiempo y cantidad de trabajo para incorporar al sistema de computadoras de Inmigracià ³n la informacià ³n que contienen  las solicitudes.Evita errores de transcripcià ³n.De una manera muy rpida se puede compartir informacià ³n entre las agencias del gobierno que requieran acceso  ¿Cules son los puntos bsicos con los que te tienes que quedar? El USCIS sà ³lo admite una  planilla actualizada que puedes obtener en ese enlace. Mentir en un formulario de inmigracià ³n para obtener un beneficio es un fraude de ley, lo que podrà ­a dar lugar a muchos problemas. En caso de dudas, lo mejor es aconsejarse con un abogado o con una organizacià ³n reputada de asistencia a migrantes. Despuà ©s de enviar el formulario con el pago correspondiente, recibirs una cita para presentarte en una oficina para que te tomen datos biomà ©tricos como huellas digitales y fotos. Posteriormente, debes pasar un examen de conocimientos cà ­vicos, histà ³ricos y de inglà ©s. Diversas organizaciones en todo EE.UU. brindan ayuda gratuita para tomar clases para preparar el examen de ciudadanà ­a. Si te da miedo el examen de inglà ©s, verifica si puedes  rendir el examen en espaà ±ol. Adems, si tienes alguna discapacidad, comprueba si calificas para no rendir el examen o para pedir un acomodo especial. El à ºltimo paso es la jura de lealtad a los Estados Unidos y la adquisicià ³n de la ciudadanà ­a. En ese acto se entrega el certificado de naturalizacià ³n, que asà ­ lo prueba. Entrà ©nate para el examen de ciudadanà ­a con este test de respuestas mà ºltiples Uno de los pasos que implica adquirir la nacionalidad americana por naturalizacià ³n est tener que pasar un examen de conocimientos cà ­vicos.  Toma este test con preguntas reales para comprobar si ests preparado.   Este artà ­culo no es asesorà ­a legal. Sà ³lo tiene un carcter informativo.

Origin and the Possible Effects in Health and Disease Term Paper

Origin and the Possible Effects in Health and Disease - Term Paper Example As the paper stresses scientific research shows that some bacteria existing in maternal guts could also be transferred to the breast milk in the latter periods of pregnancy in mothers and during lactation. This is through a process characterized by gut monocytes. It is consequently important to consider that during the latter stages of pregnancy or in the course lactation period, the alteration of the maternal microbiota system could be very significant in an infant’s health. Mammary dysbacteriosis, a condition of microbial imbalance, could lead to inflammation of the breast, hence causing mastitis. Such a condition could prompt for unanticipated weaning.This research paper highlights that  a significant amount of bacterial phylotypes usually found on human skin have also been shown to exist in breast milk. These include Propionibacteria and certain phylotypes of Corynebacteria. Consequently, the probability that the composition of breast milk microbiota could also be a fact or for the interactions with the maternal skin. Studies, however, have shown a difference in the genotypic variations between isolated lactobacilli present in the skin to that in the breast milk. The discovery has therefore led to the assertions of the unlikeliness of the speculation. It has however been shown that there exists a possibility that through the endogenous pathway, bacteria could reach the mammary glands from the maternal gut.

Foreign Influence on English Football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Foreign Influence on English Football - Essay Example The article written by Patrick Mcgovern challenges the basis behind the import of foreign players into English football. He states that the global market is a free process which changes the nature of the economic competition. Having investigated hiring practices for the English football league during 1946 to 1995, one aspect of the conclusions was that globalization might be a reasonable thing to expect. It points out that global influence is not just about players. It is also about economic social and political factors that can have either national or indeed British origins. However, this article also points out that there is consistency in the types of foreign players that are chosen to play in the English league. This can be in terms of climate, culture, language and, the style of football. This would fit countries such as Scotland, Ireland, northern Europe and Australia. However, the article fails to point out that quite a number of foreign players have come from South America, s uch as Argentina or Brazil. Their influence cannot be discounted. Therefore, the choice of fine players is partly due to culture choices.

Business Decision Making Assiment Essay Example for Free

Business Decision Making Assiment Essay You should sign this sheet to show that you comply with these regulations. Student’s Signature Date Acknowledgement I take this chance to thank Miss. M. PriyanthimalaWho helped me to improve and developed this particular project. She explained well about the project and sacrificed her most of the time to explain and also made sure that all the students understood. She was ready to help out in any time and gave her full support for this particular project. I finally would like to thank my parents, friends and others for helping to do this project. Thank you TASKS| PAGE NO| Task 01| 04| Task 02| 09| Task 03| 14| Task 04| 16| Task 05| 24| Task 06| 27| Task 07| 31| Task 08| 32| Task 09| 34| Task 10| 35| Task 11| 38| Task 12| 43| Task 13| 44| Task 14| 47| Task 15| 49| Reference | 51| Task 1 T 1. 1 Difference between a sample and a population Population| Sample| * Population is the area in which you are trying to get information from. * This meaning of population is also used in survey research, but this is only one of many possible definitions of population. Examples: Cedar Crest students; trees in North America; automobiles with four wheels; people who consume olive oil. | * Sample is a section of your population that you are actually going to survey. It is important to have a sample that will represent your entire population in order to minimize biases. Survey research is based on sampling, which involves getting information from only some members of the population. * Samples can be drawn in several different ways, such as probability samples, quota samples, purposive samples, and volunteer samples. Examples assuming the populations stated above: 47 Cedar Crest students chosen randomly; 8463 trees randomly selected in North America; 20 sample autos from each make (e. g. , GM, Ford, Toyota, Honda, etc. ); 1% of the oil consuming population per country| T 1. 2 Describe the advantages of sampling * Sampling  saves money  as it is much cheaper to  collect  the desired information from a small  sample  than from the whole population. * Sampling  saves a lot of time and energy as the needed data are collected and processed much faster than census information. And this is a very important consideration in all types of investigations or surveys. * Sampling  provides information that is almost as accurate as that obtained from a complete census; rather a properly designed and carefully executed  sample  survey will provide more accurate results. Moreover, owing to the reduced volume of work, persons of higher caliber and properly trained can be employed to analyze the data. * Sampling  makes it possible to obtain more detailed information from each unit of the  sample  as collecting data from a few units of the population (i. e. ample) can be more complete and thorough. * Sampling  is essential to obtaining the data when the measurement process  physically  damages or destroys the  sampling  unit under  investigation. For example, in order to measure the average lifetime of  light bulbs, the measurement process destroys the  sampling  units, i. e. the bulbs, as they are used until they burn out. A manufacturer will therefore use only a  sample  of  light bulbs  for this purpose and will not burn out all the bulbs produced. Similarly, the whole pot of soup cannot be tasted to determine if it has an acceptable flavor. Sampling  may be the only means available for obtaining the needed information when the population appears to be infinite or is inaccessible such as the population of mountainous or thickly forested areas. In such cases, taking $ complete census to  collect  data would neither be  physically  possible nor practically feasible. * Sampling  has much smaller â€Å"non-response†, following up of which is much easier. The term non-response means the no availability of information from some  sampling  units included in the  sample  for any reason such as failure to locate or measure some of the units, refusals, not-at-home, etc. Sampling  is extensively used to obtain some of the census information. * The most important advantage of   sampling  is that it provides a valid measure of reliability for the  sample  estimates  and this is one of the two basic purposes of  sampling. * Reliability: If we collect the information about all the units of population, the collected information may be true. But we are never sure about it. We do not know whether the information is true or is completely false. Thus we cannot say anything with confidence about the quality of information. We say that the reliability is not possible. This is a very important advantage of sampling. The inference about the population parameters is possible only when the sample data is collected from the selected sample. * Sometimes the experiments are done on sample basis. The fertilizers, the seeds and the medicines are initially tested on samples and if found useful, then they are applied on large scale. Most of the research work is done on the samples. * Sample data is also used to check the accuracy of the census data. T 1. 3 Difference between primary data and secondary data T1. 4 Difference between a statistic and a parameter Parameter is any characteristic of the population. Statistic on the other hand is a characteristic of the sample. Statistic is used to estimate the value of the parameter. Note that the value of statistic changes from one sample to the next which leads to a study of the sampling distribution of statistic. When we draw a sample from a population, it is just one of many samples that might have been drawn and, therefore, observations made on any one sample are likely to be different from the ‘true value’ in the population (although some will be the same). Imagine we were to draw an infinite (or very large) number of samples of individuals and calculate a statistic, say the arithmetic mean, on each one of these samples and that we then plotted the mean value obtained from each sample on a histogram (a chart using bars to represent the number of times a particular value occurred). This would represent the sampling distribution of the arithmetic mean. T1. 5 Define sampling errors with example? Sampling error is an error that occurs when using samples to make inferences about the populations from which they are drawn. There are two kinds of sampling error: random error and bias. Random error is a pattern of errors that tend to cancel one another out so that the overall result still accurately reflects the true value. Every sample design will generate a certain amount of random error. Bias, on the other hand, is more serious because the pattern of errors is loaded in one direction or another and therefore do not balance each other out, producing a true distortion. These are the errors which occur due to the nature of  sampling. The  sample  selected from the population is one of all possible samples. Any value calculated from the  sample  is based on the sample  data and is called  sample  statistic. Task 2 T2. 1 Advantages and disadvantages of arithmetic mean. Advantages * Fast and easy to calculate- As the most basic measure in statistics,  arithmetic average is very easy to calculate. For a small data set, you can calculate the arithmetic mean quickly in your head or on a piece of paper. In  computer programs  like Excel, the arithmetic average is always one of the most basic and best known functions. Here you can see the  basics of arithmetic average calculation. * Easy to work with and use in further analysis- Because its calculation is straightforward and its meaning known to everybody,  arithmetic average  is also more comfortable to  use as input to further analyses and calculations. When you work in a team of more people, the others will much more likely be familiar with  arithmetic average  than  geometric average  or  mode. Disadvantages * Sensitive to extreme values- Arithmetic average is extremely sensitive to extreme values. Therefore,  arithmetic average  is not the best measure to use with data sets containing a few extreme values  or with more  dispersed (volatile) data sets  in general. Median  can be a better alternative in such cases. * Not suitable for time series type of data- Arithmetic average  is perfect for measuring central tendency when you’re working with data sets of independent values taken at one point of time. There was an example of this in one of the previous articles, when we were  year. However, in finance you often work with percentage returns over a series of multiple time periods. For  calculating average percentage return over multiple periods of time,  arithmetic average is useless; as it fails to take the different basis in every year into consideration (100% equals a different price or portfolio value at the beginning of each year). The more volatile the returns are, the more significant this weakness of arithmetic average is. Here you can see the example and reason why  arithmetic average fails when measuring average percentage returns over time. * Works only when all values are equally important- Arithmetic average treats all the individual observations equally. In finance and investing, you often need to work with unequal weights. For example, you have a portfolio of stocks and it is highly unlikely that all stocks will have the same weight and therefore the same impact on the total performance of the portfolio. Calculating the average performance of the total portfolio or a basket of stocks is a typical case when  arithmetic average is not suitable  and it is better to use weighted average instead. You can find more details and an example here:  Why you need weighted average for calculating total portfolio return. T2. 2 Comparative picture of median, mode, mean The Median The Median is the middle value in your list. When the totals of the list are odd, the median is the middle entry in the list after sorting the list into increasing order. When the totals of the list are even, the median is equal to the sum of the two middle (after sorting the list into increasing order) numbers divided by two. Thus, remember to line up your values, the middle number is the median! Be sure to remember the odd and even rule. That is, if the data is in meters, the standard deviation is in meters as well. The variance is in meters2, which is more difficult to interpret. Neither the standard deviation nor the variance is robust to outliers. A data value that is separate from the body of the data can increase the value of the statistics by an arbitrarily large amount. The mean  absolute deviation (MAD) is also sensitive to outliers. But the MAD does not move quite as much as the standard deviation or variance in response to bad data. The  interquartile range (IQR) is the difference between the 75th and 25th percentile of the data. Since only the middle 50% of the data affects this measure, it is robust to outliers. T3. 2 What are the different characteristics of the following measures of dispersion. The  range  is the simplest measure of  dispersion. The range can be thought of in two ways. 1. As a quantity: the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. 2. As an interval; the lowest and highest scores may be reported as the range. By far the most commonly used measures of dispersion in the social sciences are  variance  and  standard deviation. Variance  is the average squared difference of scores from the mean score of a distribution.

Dickens Era--Child Labor :: History

Dickens Era--Child Labor Even though many of you parents out there are in fact opposed to sending your children to work in these textile factories, there are, in fact, many parents who do feel differently. However, there aren’t enough of these kinds of parents to satisfy factory owners, so they went as far as to purchase innocent children from orphanages and workhouses. These poor children are now called pauper apprentices. They are forced into signing contracts that pronounced them the property of the factory. Because these Pauper apprentices are quite a bit cheaper to house and pay than adult workers these types of children labor workers have become extremely popular. These children work and live under terrible conditions. There are even children as young as three years old put into work in these factories. Normally, however they began work at age 5, and generally die before they reach age 25. This leaves them about four years away from working. Many of them are released at age 21. Punishment is a common activity in these factories. Because maintaining the speed the over lookers of these laborers can get very difficult after a while, the over lookers, with their hearts of stone, have no sympathy and punish the children for slowing down. They are either hit with a strap to make them work faster or sometimes get their heads dipped into the water boiler. If late to work or caught talking to their peers, they are punished as well. Runaways are immediately sent to jail as well as suspected runaways. The owners are supposed to supply their workers with meals. The quality of the food isn’t good and the quantity is meager. Often, these children have to eat while working causing dust and other particles to smother the food. I was given the opportunity to briefly interview one little boy from a factory. However, our interview was cut off because he had to return to his duties. He is an eight year old named Jeremy who works at the Quarry Bank Mill. It broke my heart listening to him: How old are you Jeremy? I’m eight How long have you been working here? Since I was 4 years old Jeremy, I noticed that your leg is injured, how long has your leg been this way? It’s been this way for a few years—I think it’s because I never get a chance to really rest it.

How Does Steinbeck Present the Character of Curley’s Wife? Essay

Steinbeck presents Curley’s wife as dangerous as she has the power as she is married to the owner’s son and she is not afraid to exercise that power. But also she is a victim of loneliness as Curley is not that interested in her and she has to stay on the ranch doing nothing but wondering around looking for company. This makes Curley’s wife both guilty and innocent. Steinbeck uses candy to forewarn the reader about Curley’s wife in their first meeting, this is significant as it shows that Curley’s wife is interpreted as ‘jail bait’ as George says. The fact that George is pre-warned about this potential danger is ironic as despite the warning she is the problem that ends up getting Lennie killed. Steinbeck describes her physical appearance first, she is described as very sexually attractive and uses this to bait guys in. she uses her physical appearance as her main weapon, and in the end of the book Lennie gets in trouble because she tem pts him to stroke her soft hair. Steinbeck shows moments of her being overly cruel. She gets lonely and looks around for people to talk to but when she realises that the guys don’t want to talk to her she turns on crooks telling him that she can get him hanged because she would accuse him of rape. Steinbeck uses her talk with Lennie to make you sympathise with her. She talks about how she could have been in the pictures but she thought her mum threw away the letters about it and that how she is now stuck on a ranch were everyone ignores her and she is lonely. Steinbeck finishes by saying that she is a nice, good person but the only way she could get noticed was if she expressed her sexuality to the guys on the ranch, that’s the only way they would pay attention to her.

The Start of the Contamination in Man’s Environment

In the late 1960s to 1970s, Americans realized that industry was doing serious damage to air, water, and the earth itself, the most essential natural resources. The whole awareness of the damage being done to the environment stemmed out from the energy crisis of the 1970s. The energy crisis was a ‘slap-in-the-face' for America. They needed to realize the harm that was being done to the natural resources and their decreasing availability as a result. With the decreasing availability and increasing prices of oil, new energy sources had to be discovered. Although scientists found nuclear power to be a clean, cheap, and unlimited source of power at first, the environmentalists fought to minimize its usage for fear of nuclear meltdowns, which could spread nuclear waste. Alternative energy sources were possible, and what appeared to be the most effective were tidal energy and solar energy. These environmentally safe methods of harnessing energy were just what the environmentalists had aimed for, and a new movement had been started – environmentalism. If you read this circle it. The environmentalists also tried to advocate the conservation of energy, so that the cleaner but less effective ways could be manipulated to produce more energy. Despite many efforts to keep the environment clean, some 200 million tons of pollutants were filling the air each year, and clean air in many cities had been replaced by smog. The earth, air, and water were deteriorating as construction of highways, malls, and housing developments caused the destruction of fertile, irreplaceable farmland. Disposal of wastes was another dilemma to be dealt with. Burning could release poisonous gases into the air, and burial could cause harmful decay. By the mid-1960s, people began to really realize the need to conserve the nation's resources. Much credit for arousing public concern belonged to Rachel Carson for her book Silent Spring. This book warned of the central problem of our age being the contamination of man's environment. During the next few years, growing numbers of ecologists, biologists, and other scientists showed their concern about the reckless abuse of the environment. In 1970, Congress created the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which helped set laws regulating use of pesticides, insecticides, and other potentially dangerous sprays. They protected endangered wildlife, and ordered that car manufacturers had to provide pollution control devices on exhausts of their vehicles. New waste disposal and sewage treatment plants were being built to prevent further pollution of the land and water and to clean up the rivers and lakes. Government also regulated unsightly junkyards and dumps to restore the natural beauty of the countryside. Federal government set aside more areas as national parks, not to be tampered with, and considerable progress had been made in the management and conservation of America's forests, soil, and water. However, many people felt that it was not necessary for the government to take all this action. President Reagan gave in and allowed the search for minerals on federal lands and oil exploration off the coast of California, which some felt was very risky, because of the chance of an oil spill, which would devastate all ocean life in the area. Environmental decisions were important in the sixties era, as many other nations followed them with concern. With the world's population increasing so rapidly, the earth's natural resources will be heavily taxed, and many people, the environmentalists, believed that resource conservation was extremely important in maintaining the living conditions of the world population.

Free Essays on Jacksons Indian Wars

â€Å"The result reminds us that the grand events of history often involve considerable suffering. Romanticizing them risks forgetting the ugly lessons that need to be learned. Demonizing them can have the same result.† ~Robert V. Remini Considering Jackson’s support for Indian Removal and his refusal to follow the Supreme Court’s decision in Worcester v. Georgia, Jackson’s goals, motives, and intentions are clear, especially when paired with the political ideals of his contemporaries. It is easy, today in 2004, to claim that Andrew Jackson’s motives and intentions behind Indian Removal were nothing more than racist narcissism inherent of radical expansionist politics. However, it is also difficult for contemporary students to place ourselves in the mindset of the antebellum South. Jackson had several reasons for going forth with the Indian Removal Act; perhaps reasons deemed indecent in the eyes of those studying his actions as history, but reasons not illogical when taken in context. Jackson, as president of a new and expanding nation, had to make the decision of removing Indians in order to benefit his own people; Indian Removal was a matter of opening up millions of acres of land to settlement and slavery, thus promoting the essential strengthening of the economy of a new nation. During the time of President Jackson most of the people of the United States did not entertain the notion that the United States would ever expand west of the Mississippi River, therefore, forcing the native Indians further west would allow space for both the Indians and the white settlers. However, one idea gathered from the documents of Jackson’s era needs no clarification: Jackson’s personal perspective on Indian Removal was simply that it was not considered feasible for the Indians to live among white Americans. Perhaps indeed a racist, Andrew Jackson did not make his decisions... Free Essays on Jackson's Indian Wars Free Essays on Jackson's Indian Wars â€Å"The result reminds us that the grand events of history often involve considerable suffering. Romanticizing them risks forgetting the ugly lessons that need to be learned. Demonizing them can have the same result.† ~Robert V. Remini Considering Jackson’s support for Indian Removal and his refusal to follow the Supreme Court’s decision in Worcester v. Georgia, Jackson’s goals, motives, and intentions are clear, especially when paired with the political ideals of his contemporaries. It is easy, today in 2004, to claim that Andrew Jackson’s motives and intentions behind Indian Removal were nothing more than racist narcissism inherent of radical expansionist politics. However, it is also difficult for contemporary students to place ourselves in the mindset of the antebellum South. Jackson had several reasons for going forth with the Indian Removal Act; perhaps reasons deemed indecent in the eyes of those studying his actions as history, but reasons not illogical when taken in context. Jackson, as president of a new and expanding nation, had to make the decision of removing Indians in order to benefit his own people; Indian Removal was a matter of opening up millions of acres of land to settlement and slavery, thus promoting the essential strengthening of the economy of a new nation. During the time of President Jackson most of the people of the United States did not entertain the notion that the United States would ever expand west of the Mississippi River, therefore, forcing the native Indians further west would allow space for both the Indians and the white settlers. However, one idea gathered from the documents of Jackson’s era needs no clarification: Jackson’s personal perspective on Indian Removal was simply that it was not considered feasible for the Indians to live among white Americans. Perhaps indeed a racist, Andrew Jackson did not make his decisions...

Building Trust

You want results! Group Work (optional): Assume it is the ? rst day on the job as the new manager of this team. Discuss what you should do. Writing Exercises (optional): Write a message to the managers of your new organization, setting expectations about the team and goals they will be working towards moving forward. Describe your leadership style and approach to the challenge. Make your message motivational. Discussion Questions: †¢ Have you ever had to build trust with a large number of people who are fundamentally different than you? What did you do? What are the advantages of disadvantages of being the boss who is feared? †¢ Do you agree with all the things Jim does to earn the trust of his team? Why or why not? †¢ Do you think Jim will still have the respect of his team if he is so focused on serving them and their needs? Why or why not? Oral Presentations (optional): As the new manager, give an introductory speech to the managers in your organization about you an d the goals you hope to achieve. Clearly state the messages you want to convey to your direct reports. Role Play (optional): Discussion between Manager (Jim) and his Supervisor (Sam) whose leadership philosophy is very different and thinks a manager should be feared by his people. Explain yourself and try to gain your supervisor’s trust. †¢ Background for Manager (Jim): You believe you should think of your team as your customers and make every effort to make their job easier. You do not want to be feared by your people and think you will be even more productive thanks to your leadership style. †¢ Background for Supervisor (Sam): You think the new manager needs to come in strong and put fear in his employees to achieve. Discuss how they will be distributed. Will you incentivize the high performers by awarding them with new headsets ? rst? Discussion Questions: †¢ Do you agree with all the things Jim does to earn the trust of his team? Why or why not? †¢ Do you think Jim will still have the respect of his team if he is so focused on serving them and their needs? Why or why not? †¢ Is there anything Jim should do differently and how successful do you think he will be with his approach? †¢ As a manager, what are the advantages and disadvantages of seeing your team as your customers? Role Play (optional): Discussion between Manager (Jim) and direct report (Fred) who believes everybody needs new headsets and new chairs. †¢ Background for Manager (Jim): You believe you should make your people more comfortable, but you are limited in budget and must make your people and Fred understand there are limits to what you can do for them. †¢ Background for Direct Report (Fred): You think everybody needs new headsets and chairs. You know the new manager is anxious to make a positive impression and you think this purchase could help. Group Work (optional): What does Jim mean by having an â€Å"early victories† when he talks about getting new headsets? What kind of a precedent does this set and how should he manage expectations for the future? 3 Building Trust | Jim Roth Copyright  © 2007 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All Rights Reserved. Teaching Notes Building Trust (DVD Title: Building Trust in a Large Organization) Center for Leadership Development and Research Leadership in Focus Video Segment 3 and 4: (Run Time: 2 minutes 10 seconds) Writing Exercises (optional): As the Manager, write an email to your team telling them how you want them to come to you when they have problems. You want them to understand you are there to help them, but also don’t want them to abuse this privilege. Make the message motivational. Result and Lessons Learned: Manager receives feedback from his people and sees this as a victory that he has earned their trust. To earn trust and improve performance, it is important to learn the details about your people to determine why they come to work everyday.

Promise and peril Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Promise and peril - Essay Example Though many studies have been conducted on pay-for-performance, not much has been investigated on managers’ pay-for-performance implementation strategies. Managers usually face potential problems in their attempt to implement pay-for-performance programmes. Under pay-for-performance plans, significant effort of the management is focused on motivating employees at the expenses of other tasks relevant for organisational growth. However, the proponents of pay-for-performance argue that intelligent design of the plans remains crucial for evading implementation challenges for pay-for-performance programmes. There is need for training on how to effectively implement pay-for-performance programs. According to the authors, it is essential to gain adequate knowledge of the scenario under which pay-for-performance implementation is taking place in order to develop an unbiased understanding of the topic. Using HP case studies, Beer and Cannon discovered that the management used pay-for-performance as extra inducement to achieve higher employee performance. While creating a line between individual employees or teams in terms of performance so as to maintain fairness, the challenge of attaining desirable results becomes evident, especially when it is essential for teams or individuals to work together. In their article, the authors argue that managers abandoned their pay-for-performance plans because they perceived the programmes to bear more costs than benefits to the