STATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING AND COMMUNICATION Essay

STATEGIC MARKETING PLANNING AND COMMUNICATION - Essay Example Ecological Analysis of Pfizer When taking a gander at the difficulties for Pfizer, it is essential to take a gander at the earth of the whole pharmaceutical industry. Over the most recent couple of years, this industry has gotten as serious as some other. Due to innovative advances, the more tight controls that have been place on administrative consistence and â€Å"volatile financial specialist confidence† (Verbigena Consulting, n.d.) the pharmaceutical business has gotten serious. There are numerous approaches to see how this has occurred and its impact on explicit organizations in the business. For this investigation this specialist has utilized the PEST (political, monetary, social and mechanical) model. In this model, it is critical to recognize those issues that are a piece of the condition that makes the pharmaceutical organization meet the opposition just as meet the earth head on. Thusly, they can break down their opposition to ensure that they are doing what is requi red. Political investigation In taking a gander at the pharmaceutical business, it has become progressively serious on the grounds that there has been an accentuation on human services everywhere throughout the world. Individuals are living longer and they have more access to elective modalities of medicinal services. Likewise, medicinal services has gotten progressively costly to the normal shopper which as implied that there should be change on all levels. Medicinal services isn't only a monetary weight to an economy however it is additionally a social weight. This implies governmental issues become possibly the most important factor when there should be changes to advance social government assistance (In the UK the National Healthcare Service banter over Medicare is one model). Financial Value The pharmaceutical business is anticipated to increment later on. Since 2003, there have been generous builds in view of â€Å"high esteem mergers and acquisitions† (Verbigena Consul ting, p. 3.). Numerous experts have anticipated that pharmaceutical stock would increment to 10.5% by 2010 which implied that deals would reach $500 billion. This isn't impossible on the grounds that our social orders are ones that are dependant on drugs (both over the counter and solution) for some sicknesses and to battle illness. Albeit a vast lion's share of deals start in the US, Japan and EU, 80% of deals are appropriated more than nine nations: â€Å"US, Japan, France, Germany, UK, Italy, Canada, Brazil and Spain† (Verbigena Consulting, p. 3). Deals are relied upon to increment as individuals age and social insurance is transformed. Social Value Everyone is focusing on acceptable wellbeing today. There are numerous articles over the Internet that advise individuals what to look like better, how to shed pounds, how to quit maturing and that's only the tip of the iceberg. Along these lines, pharmaceutical organizations have a territory that is continually developing. Wor ldwide pestilences like AIDS or SARS have helped the pharmaceutical organizations push for a fix and their pursuit has made an open door in the media to follow their advancement. This likewise implies the pharmaceutical organizations need to keep great relations with the media, government and different associations that can assist them with keeping the world out that they are working admirably. Innovation Technology has improved throughout the years and science has been one of those enhancements. The pharmaceutical organizations need to stay aware of the innovative requests in the entirety of the businesses they take an interest inside. Additionally, these organizations need to spend more cash on innovative work so their representatives will turn out to be increasingly creative in delivering their items. Legitimate The FDA and other lawful

Free Essays on Holocaust

The Holocaust is likely one of the most misconstrued verifiable occasions of present day times. There are those that disparage the degree of world information about the German barbarities. There are additionally those whom are oblivious of the manner by which the Jews responded to their circumstance. The fantastic degree of off base data about the Holocaust which individuals have been educated is an extreme issue that must be rectified right away. The main arrangement is the instruction of the majority. It is basic that advanced society completely welcome the fear of the Holocaust so as to forestall it?s reoccurrence. Most importantly, we should address the paradoxes concerning the world?s information on what was going on. It is regularly expected and instructed that the Holocaust part of World War II was such a very much left well enough alone, that nobody knew about it until sometime later, in any case, this is false. There were different ways that the world was advised of these ab horrences. Different countries and different Jewish people group picked up information on the barbarity and sat idle. The people pulling the strings were advised ordinarily of what was happening. On September 29 and 30, 1941 there was a mass murdering at Babi Yar, a Russian city close to Kiev. Correspondents in Kiev were sending the story to their distributers inside three days, it was never printed. A Swiss-German industrialist, subsequent to having been welcome to watch a mass executing, sent photos to Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, they were disregarded. In February 1942, the Vatican and the Red Cross got affirmed reports of the Holocaust. In the wake of talking about whether to intercede, they inferred that they needed to stay quiet, so as not to bargain their nonpartisanship. In July of 1942, news reports of the killings were broadcast in London, be that as it may, nothing happened to it in light of the fact that the reports were in French. Leader of the CIA, Allen Dulles got a record of the camps from two prisoners in 1944. Notwithstanding being quote-unquote ?significantly shocked?... Free Essays on Holocaust Free Essays on Holocaust The Holocaust is likely one of the most misconstrued recorded occasions of present day times. There are those that belittle the degree of world information about the German monstrosities. There are likewise those whom are uninformed of the manner by which the Jews responded to their circumstance. The amazing degree of mistaken data about the Holocaust which individuals have been instructed is an extreme issue that must be remedied right away. The main arrangement is the instruction of the majority. It is basic that cutting edge society completely value the dread of the Holocaust so as to forestall it?s reoccurrence. Above all else, we should address the errors concerning the world?s information on what was going on. It is regularly expected and encouraged that the Holocaust segment of World War II was such a very much left well enough alone, that nobody knew about it until sometime later, be that as it may, this is false. There were different ways that the world was told of these abh orrences. Different countries and different Jewish people group picked up information on the barbarity and sat idle. The people pulling the strings were informed ordinarily of what was happening. On September 29 and 30, 1941 there was a mass murdering at Babi Yar, a Russian city close to Kiev. Journalists in Kiev were sending the story to their distributers inside three days, it was never printed. A Swiss-German industrialist, subsequent to having been welcome to watch a mass executing, sent photos to Winston Churchill and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, they were overlooked. In February 1942, the Vatican and the Red Cross got affirmed reports of the Holocaust. Subsequent to talking about whether to mediate, they inferred that they needed to stay quiet, so as not to bargain their lack of bias. In July of 1942, news reports of the killings were circulated in London, in any case, nothing happened to it on the grounds that the reports were in French. Leader of the CIA, Allen Dulles got a re cord of the camps from two prisoners in 1944. In spite of being quote-unquote ?significantly shocked?... Free Essays on Holocaust The Holocaust is a term that is equal with slaughter. In the Webster Merriam word reference this term has two implications; the first is a penance devoured by fire. The subsequent significance is an intensive obliteration including broad death toll particularly through fire. With respect to the authentic occasion known as the Holocaust, the subsequent definition is the most fitting. This definition is proper in light of the fact that that is actually what the Holocaust was: a finished annihilation of a group of individuals, essentially Jews, using fire (fundamentally broilers in which their bodies were singed in). When talking about obliteration, it is imperative to comprehend that not exclusively were bodies and lives demolished, however the soul of the Jewish individuals was broken. There are a wide range of inquiries concerning the Holocaust that have risen extra time. Regardless of whether the Holocaust at any point existed has been bantered for quite a long time. Right up 'til the present time individuals have questioned the genuine presence of the Holocaust, just as the issue of to what extent the Holocaust was very for or when it even begun. When, however where everything occur, is additionally an appropriate piece of understanding the full impact of this sickening period in time. Likewise another generally held perspective and contention was if the Jews opposed or if the Jews capitulated to the Nazi party and Hitler. Inside this paper I will affirm that in reality the holocaust really happened by examining the start of the holocaust, focusing on explicit camps, and afterward discussing how it influences the Jewish individuals today. The holocaust started when a man by the name of Adolf Hitler came into power, and was determined to obliterate as a significant part of the Jewish populace that he could. Hitler had the option to come to control through a few unique reasons. Long haul harshness, an inadequate constitution, cash, publicity, assaults on different gatherings, and individual characteristics all contributed. Also the way that Hitler wa... Free Essays on Holocaust The Holocaust is a term that is equal with massacre. In the Webster Merriam word reference this term has two implications; the first is a penance devoured by fire. The subsequent importance is an exhaustive devastation including broad death toll particularly through fire. Concerning the authentic occasion known as the Holocaust, the subsequent definition is the most fitting. This definition is fitting since that is actually what the Holocaust was: a finished devastation of an order of individuals, fundamentally Jews, using fire (essentially stoves in which their bodies were scorched in). When discussing demolition, it is essential to comprehend that not exclusively were bodies and lives devastated, however the soul of the Jewish individuals was broken. There are various inquiries concerning the Holocaust that have risen extra time. Regardless of whether the Holocaust at any point existed has been bantered for quite a long time. Right up 'til today individuals have questioned the real presence of the Holocaust, just as the issue of to what extent the Holocaust was quite for or when it even begun. When, yet where everything occur, is likewise a relevant piece of understanding the full impact of this stunning period in time. Additionally another broadly held perspective and contention was if the Jews opposed or if the Jews surrendered to the Nazi party and Hitler. Inside this paper I will affirm that in certainty the holocaust really happened by examining the start of the holocaust, focusing on explicit camps, and afterward discussing how it influences the Jewish individuals today. The holocaust started when a man by the name of Adolf Hitler came into power, and was determined to demolish as a significant part of the Jewish populace that he could. Hitler had the option to come to control through a few distinct reasons. Long haul sharpness, an insufficient constitution, cash, promulgation, assaults on different gatherings, and individual characteristics all contributed. Also the way that Hitler wa... Free Essays on Holocaust The Holocaust during World War II was seemingly one of the most exceedingly awful human actuated fiascos that have happened to mankind. The Holocaust organized by the Nazi Empire crushed a huge number of lives and made inquiries concerning mankind that may never be replied. Numerous mental impacts brought about by the Holocaust always changed the manner in which the Jewish individuals see the world and themselves. The Jewish individuals have been scarred for ages and may always be unable to by and by partner with the remainder of the free world. Further, these scars have now become the mirror through which the survivors and their kids see the world. Through limited eyes, the survivors relate everything to the encounters they suffered during the Holocaust. Moreover, these new perspectives on the world shapes how the survivors live, collaborate, and raise a family both socially and profoundly. A few survivors are scarred so profoundly they can't get away from the past sentiments and pi ctures of dread; analysts call this â€Å"Survivor Syndrome†. An overcomer of the war is one who has experienced, been presented to, or saw passing, and has himself of herself stayed alive. The side effects influenced survivors, yet their families also. These side effects were additionally brought about by a portion of the frightening encounters that happened particularly to the Jewish ladies. The manifestations incorporated a powerlessness to work, and even now and again to talk. The Jewish individuals dread that it might happen once more. Likewise a dread of formally dressed cops as a result of their situation of intensity turned out to be extremely normal. There were additionally numerous sentiments of blame for having endure when others had not. For what reason am I alive? â€Å"Why not my sister and brother...my entire family? The Jewish holocaust survivors offered those and other conversation starters. The survivors had musings of death, bad dreams, alarm assaults, and different side effects. Lack of engagement throughout everyday life, individuals, and once in a while even in all actuality assumed a gigantic job in conjugal

Nightmares of a Perfectionist

Nightmares of a Perfectionist Perfectionism is a futile endeavor. As a perfectionist, I speak from experience. And this is my confessionary hymn. At times my perfectionism haunts me. All the pleasure of getting it right  can be immediately wiped out by small, debilitating imperfections: the sharp stabbing pain of a negative criticism, the disappointment of a brightly illuminated flaw, the vitriolic feeling brought forth by a set of rolled eyes. Our culture reinforces certain standards we cannot live up to: the women with their half-a-serving hips adorning the covers of magazines, the expensively dressed celebutantes wearing an average-persons annual salary on her wrist, the modern-day rockstars and Fonzarellis plastered all over billboards and TV screens. Attempting to keep up with these false standards is tantamount to playing a rigged gameâ€"the game of Perfectionism is designed for failure. And even if we could win at this game, it wouldnt make us happy. Contentment comes from within, not from the entrapment of protruding hipbones or the bling-bling of consumer purchases. And yet we continue to play this game with religious devotionâ€"myself included. Everyone is subject to public scrutiny at some level. Once your thoughts exit your mouth, people will judge you. Once a creationâ€"a new book, a work project, a term paperâ€"is released to the world, even its most subtle flaws are glaring. But we cant hide every thought, hold back every word, restrain every impulse. And the fact that we cant mask all our imperfections is actually a good thing. Thats because our faults improve us; they help us grow. Once we put our individual problems out in the open, they are far more noticeable, and thus we feel compelled to address those problems. For example, Ive noticed this phenomena within myself and this website. By writing about my life, my transformations, and my continued pursuit of personal refinement, Ive put myself out there,  as it were. Many of you know more about me than certain members of my family do. Ergo, my public display of self forces me to grow in ways I wouldnt otherwise grow, allowing me to learn important new lessons about life. The truth is that we are all imperfect. And if I waited for everything to be perfect, Id be waiting in perpetuity, and my writings would never exist. So instead, I write and then release it to the world, warts and all. Consequently, Ive learned a valuable lesson by exposing my blemishes to the world: Ive learned to be happy with my efforts and my growth, not with perfection. Truth be told, I work incredibly hard on everything I do, and Im proud of that fact. It is exciting and gratifying to write these words for youâ€"to create something from nothing. Everything I do is inherently imperfect. But Im happy when I can look myself in the mirror and know its the absolute best I can do. Similarly, its just as gratifying to share what Ive learned about writing with the students in my online writing class, opening myself up in yet another way, airing out my flaws in front of an intimate audience, finding new ways to learn and prosper. Irrespective of the arena, whenever I air out my flaws, I grow. I think the same goes for all other areas of life, too. Health. If you want a perfect body, youll never have it. Instead, you can focus on having a better body; you can focus on having a healthier body while enjoying the process of exercising and strengthening your health. Relationships. If youre looking for the perfect partner or friend or co-worker, youll lose every time. People are, by nature, imperfect. We come equipped with a tackle box of flaws. But instead of focusing on the faults, you can focus on making your relationships better and on establishing new, empowering relationships. Passions. If youre looking for the perfect job, its not out there. No matter your vocationâ€"even if you land your dream job,  in which you pursue your passions every dayâ€"there will be moments of despair, moments of tedium, moments of doubt. But thats okay. Instead of those moments, you can focus on the joy experienced by cultivating your passions; you can focus on the fulfillment you get from improving everything you do in tiny ways each day. Every area of life is filled with imperfection, but we neednt neurose over every blemish. I am not, however, advocating being average. The average person is not happy with his life. I refuse to be run-of-the-mill. Id rather fail miserably than saunter down the alley of mediocrity. Instead, Im advocating passionately pursuing what you love and doing so with vigor, knowing that there will be shortcomings and mistakes along the way. Im advocating learning from those failingsâ€"even appreciating themâ€"because they allow you to grow. And thats what life is about. Over time, Ive learned to take feedback for what it is. Sure, there are some cynics and hypocritical assholes out there, and Ive learned to pay them no mind (although thats not always easy). But most people who provide advice are simply attempting to help; they are contributing to the greater good. This feedback allows us to evolve, it allows us to expand and live more meaningful lives. That doesnt mean that I apply every bit of feedback I receive, but I do consider the meaningful, value-adding observations and take action accordingly. Ive also learned how to better deal with imperfection. Ive learned to do three simple things to change my state when I feel overwhelmed or bothered by my foibles. Breathe. When Stress knocks on my door, Ill take a walk and focus on my breathing. Deep, diaphragmatic breaths change our physiology, calm us, and provide our bodies with the oxygen we need. Focus. If we focus on the negative, well feel fear, loneliness, jealousy, and every other negative emotion we can conjure from within. Conversely, if we focus on the positive, well feel joy, happiness, and contentment. Much of how we feel is directly associated to what we focus on. Beliefs. Similarly, whatever we believe becomes our reality. If we believe people are rotten and hateful, then well find all the flaws in even the nicest people. But if we believe people are kind and caring, then well find glimpses of perfection in every miscreant and reprobate. The same is true for any event or situation in which we are involvedâ€"it is whatever we believe it is. Read a longer version of this essay: Imperfect Is the New Perfect.

Comparing The Girl With A Pearl Earring And Mona Lisa

Name Professor Course Date Comparison of the Girl with a Pearl Earring and Mona Lisa The Girl with a Pearl Earring and Mona Lisa are the two most famous portraits ever painted (Courtauld 36). The girl with a pearl earring follows the Mona Lisa painting, which is considered as the most famous painting. The girl with a pearl earring, by Johannes Vermeer, and the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci were created during the same historical time. Historians believe that Leonardo da Vinci created his art piece between 1503 and 1506. The girl with a pearl earring was created in 1665. The masterpieces were both created using oil. The medium for the girl with a pearl earring was oil and canvas while Mona Lisa was created using oil and wood. They were both from the genre of portrait art. The two portraits are associated with mysteries that have baffled analysts and historians for many years. First, the identity of the women was vastly unknown. The exact identity of the woman in the Mona Lisa has remained a mystery. While searching for answers, historians sought to know the time when the portrait was created. According to them, the portrait must have been created when Francesco Del Giocondo and his wife purchased a house in 1503 or during the birth of their son in 1502. Thus, some analysts conclude that the portrait was dedicated to the wife of Francesco Del Giocondo. The nature of clothing often backs the argument. The gown and scarf represented an aristocratic status. TheShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesArt Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutt erstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std

Expansion of Western Europe - 1095 Words

The expansion of Western Europe started with the Iberian phase. Spain and Portugal, the two countries of the Iberian Peninsula, had a short-lived yet important role in European expansion. European expansion then turned to Western Europe. Western Europe consists of the Dutch, French, and British. While Western Europe was exploring new worlds overseas, the Russians were expanding westward across all of Eurasia. Religion played a major role in expansion for both the Portuguese and the Spanish due to their extensive anti-Muslim crusade. Due to the over zealous religious fervor of the Christian Iberians, Christianity and thus the Iberians expanded into parts of western Europe during the crusades as Christians tried to convert the Muslims who†¦show more content†¦(p.349) The age of the conquistadors began with Cortes expedition to the Yucatan. After months of vicious fighting, Cortes toppled the Aztec empire and gained control of Mexico. Another Spanish conquistador, Pizzaro defeated the Inca Empire and gained control of modern day Peru. Their conquests lead to the further exploration of both North and South America. In the period between 1600 and 1763, Spain and Portugal were overtaken and surpassed by the powers of Northwestern Europe- Holland, France and Britain. (p.357) Due the lack of Iberian activity in the north Atlantic the northwestern Europeans, led by imperialism, set out to tap the resources of North America. Through the effort of Sir John Hawkins and Francis Drake, England was able to Break boldly and openly into the Iberian imperial preserves-into the Portuguese east as well as into Spanish America. (p.359) Toward the end of the 16th century the Dutch had set their sites on Portugal s empire in the east. By 1602, through their acquisition of their various private trading companies, the Dutch had formed the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch also strengthened their economic power through the harvesting of coffee and taking over the whal ing industry. Through various wars with Britain and France during the late 17th century the Dutch stronghold was weakened. In the 18th century Holland gave way to Britain and France. (p.363) Britain and France battled for colonial supremacyShow MoreRelatedThe Expansion Of Western Europe929 Words   |  4 Pagesoptions to facilitate their expansion into Western Europe. These include exportation, licensing, or foreign direct investment in the form of a wholly owned subsidiary. Each of these options presents risks and benefits that must be evaluated before an entry-strategy is formulated. Export from the United States For an exportation strategy, this organization would manufacture their new computer domestically and ship it overseas for sale (Hill, 2014, p. 230) in Western European markets. The financialRead MoreA Discussion Of Faith Rose Surrounding The World Trade Center1630 Words   |  7 Pagesrecognize that much of the western misunderstanding of Islamic practice and background is because of the large expansion of Christianity in the 7th and 8th century which the Battle of Tours had become one of the most important battles in macro history. Between the 7th and 8th Century in eastern Europe, Islam’s military expansion was incredibly large, as it resulted in the Islamic Empire becoming one of the most powerful and influential religious and military based powers in Europe. Muslim conquests lastedRead MoreIntroduction. Islam And Medieval Christianity Have Had1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthese two Abrahamic religions allowed for them to develop in differing ways in Western and Eastern Europe. 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Crosby believes that temperate zones, climates similar to that of Europe, allowed European biota to thrive, which allowed for European expansion. Crosby discusses the Norse invasions and the Crusades as examples of how Europeans were not able to expand. Crosby claims that climateRead MoreThe Image of Medieval Western Europe Essay769 Words   |  4 PagesThe image of medieval western Europe can be attributed to political, religiou s, economic, and cultural factors. The impulse of expansion, unity under Christianity, trade, and education were key developments within the factors. Ultimetly, these developments contributed to the advancement of medieval western Europe in the postclassical period. The medieval government in western Europe exercised feudalism which also established the structure of political powers. 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Established member states want a democratic sub-continent which will support expansion towards Eastern Europe. Next I evaluate the literature in order to establish whether EU institutions have the real power to impact the quality ofRead MoreSummary Of The Making Of Europe Conquest, Colonization And Cultural Change1045 Words   |  5 Pagesactually existed, it ought to have been in medieval Europe. Certainly the Biblical parable of linguistic unity and its following collapse parallels all too closely with the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, with a splintered Europe emerging from its shadow. And it is the events within this particular shadow that Robert Bartlett discusses in his book The Making Of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change 930-1350. Bartlett explores medieval Europe, discussing the particularly crucial years of

Earliest Form of Buddhist Education to Be Found In Vietnam Free Essays

Buddhism entered Vietnam during the beginning of first century CE. By the second century Buddhist visited a central region in Vietnam known as the Luy-Lau centre. This centre is now in the Bac-Ninh province. We will write a custom essay sample on Earliest Form of Buddhist Education to Be Found In Vietnam or any similar topic only for you Order Now Luy-Lau was the capital of Vietnam and this is the reason it was an important place for the Buddhists to visit. On their way to china monks stopped at this central region and taught people about Buddhism. Many teachings were translated in this central region such as Mahayana sutras and the Agamas. These were translated into Chinese as Vietnamese culture and religion is influenced a lot by the Chinese culture . Vietnam is influenced by Chinese culture because Vietnam was occupied by Chinese during the 111 BCE and 939 CE . GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF VIETNAM Vietnam has Cambodia and Laos to the west and Chinese colossus, Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Thailand and Burma to the east and south. The eastern most part of Vietnam reaches India. The coastline is almost 2,500 kilometers. This coastline spreads from Mong-Cay, which is in the north to Cambodia. In early days Vietnam was the region between India and China which is actually a peninsula. This was formerly known as Funan and Campa. Being so near the two most densely populated countries, Vietnam had a lot of influence from their culture, politic and religion . BUDDHIST INFLUENCE Vietnamese are very religious. They practice quite a number of religions like, Buddhism, Christianity, Taoism etc. Buddhism first came in North Vietnam . It was then known as Giao-Chi. These were Indian or Chinese Buddhists who came here from either land or sea routes and started influencing people. Giao-Chi became the centre of everything by the end of second century as the Indian merchants started doing trade there, and with them they brought monks also. Buddhism was very influential at that time, as we can see that these traders brought monks with them because they were called the â€Å"calmer of the sea† . These monks were priests who later started preaching their religion in Vietnam. It became easier for them, because Giao-Ching was the central place where every traders and foreign travelers, Chinese and Indians met. Moreover the merchants rested here also if they were travelling between India and China. Thus monks and priests had one central place to preach their religion. They started missionary activities and as a result monasteries were built. This was the first time that monasteries were built in Vietnam during the reign of Si-Nhiep. The very first few monasteries were built in a province of North Vietnam which is now known as Ha-Bac. This was formerly known as Luy-Lau, as mentioned in the Introduction that it was the centre of missionary activities . THE FIRST BUDDHISTS IN VIETNAM The earliest form of Buddhist education was found to be given by a Taoist who later became a Buddhist. Before him, it is said, that several missionaries from China came to preach Buddhism . During the rule of Si-Nhiep, two monks named Ma Ha Ky Vuc and Khau Da La came to Vietnam. These were Indian monks. Tu-Dinh from Khmer kingdom requested them to stay there in Vietnam. The second monk however refused and went back where as Ma Ha Ky Vuc stayed. Tu-Dinh was a very religious man himself and used to fast for several days. This he said helped purify his body and soul. These two were the first monks to reach Giao-Chi. After them a Chinese Buddhist preacher named Mau-Bac came to Giao-Chi. During the time when Mau-Bac came to Giao-Chi, China was in serious political chaos. Due to this several monks and scholars came to Vietnam. Giao-Chi was under the rule of Si-Nhiep back then and was considered a safe place. Mau-Bac after coming to Vietnam studied Buddhism from an Indian monk named Ksudra. Ma Ha Ky Vuc, who had come to Vietnam before any of these, with the help of Ksudra and Mau-Bac started promoting Buddhism in Vietnam. These were the first people who started to promote Buddhism and their teaching is the very early form of Buddhist study to be found in Vietnam. After Mau-Bac many monks started to propagate Buddhism. Khang Tang Hoi and Cuong Luong Lau also came to Giao-Chi during the third century. Khang Tang Hoi entered a monastery when he was ten and from there started studying and practicing Buddhism. Apart from Buddhism he also studied literature, astronomy and other subjects. He translated many books relating Buddhism into Chinese. Though he was Indian born but is considered as a Vietnamese Buddhist. Cuong Luong Lau like Khang Tang Hoi also translated many Buddhist books in Chinese . The main Buddhist centre was Luy-Lau at that time; it is now known as Ha Bac and is situated in North Vietnam. Phap Van was a famous monastery in Luy-Lau and during the second and third century was famously known as â€Å"the school of doctrine† and â€Å"the lotus school†. In 968 A. D, when King Dinh Tien Hoang came in to power, Buddhism in Vietnam changed. It entered a new era. Buddhism now had a hierarchy of monks and priests and it was now accepted by the court. As Buddhism was now supported by the royal court many changes took place. Buddhists were respected and were asked advice before taking decisions. Buddhists were involved in many political and religious decisions. During this period Buddhism was at its best. It was the most predominant religion. Many kings and emperors after this period were Buddhists. Many laws came into practice in this era, which were influenced by Buddhism. Van Hanh, who is also known as the meditation master is of this era. Any ruler who was not Buddhists was at least the supporter of Buddhism. In 1010 A. D, almost eight monasteries were built in Ha Bac. All other monasteries and Buddhist temples were also repaired. Tripitaka texts, which were in China initially, were brought in Vietnam. Thousands of Buddha statues and paintings were made and set up. Festivals were set up. Many new monasteries such as Sung Kharh monastery and monastery at Mount Ba were built. In 1086 A. d Dai Lam monastery was built in Ha Bac. Later in 1118 A. D Thien Phat was built which had almost 1,000 Buddha statues . BUDDHIST STUDIES IN VIETNAM Buddhist studies in Vietnam can be divided in to four eras. 1. From the entrance in Vietnam to the first century 2. From 11th century to 14th century, which was the best era of Buddhist studies 3. After 25th century, which was the time of declination of Buddhism 4. Present Buddhist studies in Vietnam People have different opinions about the exact date on which Buddhism entered Vietnam. It is believed that Buddhism entered Vietnam in first century A. D; some people believe it was the year 189 of the Christian era. Historians say that Meou-Po, who was a Taoist before he became a Buddhist, was the first person to make any Buddhist teaching in Vietnam. Though many missionaries came before him, but they only laid grounds on which it became possible for Meou-Po to enter and teach Buddhism. It was very difficult to teach Buddhism at that time as very little literature was available. Vietnamese had no written script; hence a few translations were made in Chinese. The era between 544 and 602 was an independent era and was helpful in spreading Buddhism. Though there was some progress, in this era but the real progress was made during 603 to 939. During these years two major missionaries entered Vietnam. Vinitaruci and Vo-Ngon-Thong led these two missions separately. Almost 20 shrines were built at that time and there were about 500 monks preaching Buddhism day and night. These shrines were a gift from the Chinese government. During 939 and 968 there was not much development in case of Buddhist studies. In 939 Chinese reign in Vietnam ended. Buddhist teachings paused during these years, but only in Vietnam, in China Buddhism went under a lot of scrutiny. When Dinh-Bo-Linh came in to power, Buddhism started to prosper. He acted as a protector of the religion and Buddhism was studied and adopted by many people till Dinf-Bo-Linh’s reign till 1009. The emperor made Ngo-Chan-Luu the head of Sangha (Community of Buddhist monks). Ngo-Chan-Luu was a monk, scholar and a poet. The emperor was very much impressed by this monk who was good at Zen meditation. The emperor used to take advice from Ngo-Chan-Luu in matters of politics and military. Due to his good advices and performance he was made Imperial Councillor. He got the title of Khuong Viet which means servant of Vietnam. Ngo-Chan-Luu proved to be a very good monk and helped in spreading Buddhism. During this time Tripitaka was brought from china for the first time with the help of Vietnamese missions. People in Vietnam were taught how to read and write in Chinese characters, as Vietnamese lacked written script. This helped the scholars learn more by reading more books on Buddhism and translating others into their language. Hence the monks of those times were much learned and were respected a lot all over the country as there were very few people who could read and write. A scholar at that time was respected a lot and as most of the scholars were Buddhists, people started to go to them in order to learn. This helped spread Buddhist teachings . Buddhism expanded a lot during 1031 as almost a hundred temples were built during this era. A lot of Buddhist ceremonies were held and they were exempt from taxes. In 1049, the emperor built the Dien-Huu temple which was actually what he saw in his dream. He later ordered it to be constructed the way he saw it in between an artificial lake. It is one of the most famous monuments in Hanoi and is known as Temple of single column. Ly-Thanh-Ton, who reined Vietnam in 1054, was a true Buddhist. During his time food and clothing were distributed among the poor. He used to reduce the punishment of prisoners also. Hence Ly-Thanh-Ton, who tried to follow the steps of Asoka, was a very great Buddhist. In 1069, when Vietnam was at war with Champa, the emperor brought back a few prisoners. What he did not know was that one of these prisoners was a Buddhist monk. When the emperor found out about him he inquired him and discovered that he had a great knowledge of Dharma. The emperor got very impressed and allowed him to preach his religion in the Khai-Quoc temple. It was also found out that he was a Chinese monk who was actually trying to preach and practice Buddhism when he was caught. The emperor was a true Buddhist and praised scholars, and hence allowed this Chinese monk to stay in the temple. Now Buddhism was under official protection and could be spread more easily and therefore Buddhism continued to be taught among all the Vietnamese. Many writings of that time show the studies of Buddhist scholars . After this emperor all the other emperors also got interested in Buddhism. Most of them followed Zen meditation and practice. One of them became a monk and abdicated from his post of emperor. The Ly Dynasty was spread over a period of 215 years. This was the only dynasty during which the religion of Buddhism was at its climax . After this came the Tran Dynasty, during the early years of which the spread of Buddhism slowed down. Though the emperors of this dynasty were more inclined towards Buddhism, but none the less during the first seventy years of this dynasty the Buddhist studies did not prosper as it did before. One of the emperors became a monk and started practicing Zen. The last dynasty definitely proved to be the climax of Buddhism, as it was now declining. China started to reign again and due to this Confucianism started to prosper and made developments in various aspects such as philosophy and literature. Taoism grew and prospered, whereas Buddhists were stopped from preaching and practicing their religion. Buddhists books were burned and temples destroyed. This dropped the level of Buddhists studies in the country. When Vietnam got independent in 1428, it was thought that now it will be easier to renew Buddhism and spread its studies from the beginning. However, this proved wrong and Buddhists studies did not budge. Buddhism lost its original touch and purity and people started mixing it with different ideas. No new temples were allowed to be built at that time and this also hindered the prosperity of the religion. Many monks were sent back to their lay lives and were stopped from preaching Buddhism saying that they were incompetent to do so . During 1528 and 1802 new Zen sects were developed. Temples were built and Buddhism was supported a lot. Lord Tr? nh Giang ordered rebuilding of temples. Almost 6,000 workers worked day and night to build temples of Quynh Lam and Sung nghiem. In South of Vietnam Thien Temple was built which still stands. This Temple is equipped with its famous bell which is very resonant. Chinese monks were allowed to preach their religion and therefore they moved around whole of the country teaching and preaching Buddhism. Though many efforts were taken, yet Buddhism had such distorted form that monks were made to reside over ceremonies, Buddha was taken as a god and gifts were presented to his statue. This shows that the actual Buddhist religion had changed a lot and almost nobody knew and practiced the actual teachings of Buddha. THE IMPACT OF BUDDHIST EDUCATION The impact of Buddhist education was very great. It not only effected the religious beliefs but also had a great impact on every other day to day activity. Music, which was influenced by Indian music because of the monks coming from India, was used in religious ceremonies. Today out of eight musical instruments almost six are Indian. These instruments were taken by Indian monks, first to China and then to Vietnam. It will not be false if we say that India and China are solely responsible for spreading Buddhism in Vietnam. Though China influenced mainly the northern areas whereas, India influenced the south; China had more impact on Buddhism in Vietnam than India had. The reason is that China was in contact with Vietnam for thousands of years and had an influence on the politics and culture of the country. India had a lesser impact as Indian merchants went to Vietnam solely for business purposes. They sometimes took it as a resting place on their way to China. Hence they had no interest what so ever in the religion in Vietnam. However, there is certainly some influence on their religion and culture by the Indians, as the first monks to enter Vietnam for the purpose of preaching their religion were Indians. Buddhism gradually spread all over Vietnam. Though there are quite a few religions practiced in Vietnam, but almost two thirds of the population practices Buddhism. People sometimes do not have clear vision for example today a Buddhist may visit Taoist temple. These sometimes lead to superstitions and practices which show their ignorance towards the religion. Sometimes even monks do not have clear concepts about Buddhism. Buddhism really had a very strong impact on the culture and behavior of common man. People have better morals due to Buddhism. Even people who are not educated know that bad deeds will result in bad results. They know that they should be kind towards the people. Buddhists teachings are ordinary things which everybody should know. The motif of Buddhism is Lotus Flower. Monks are vegetarians and their teachings are based on purity and compassion. BUDDHISM CONCEPT IN VIETNAM Buddhism in Vietnam is mainly Mahayana. This Mahayana tradition has compassion as main entity. They take main words or buzzwords from Buddha like, Enlightenment, Delivered etc. The monks of Mahayana tradition try and improve their spiritual life. This spiritual life is then translated into action which is based on truth. During the decline of Buddhism in Vietnam, the monks were just an entity to receive gifts in the ceremonies. Today due to the movement in 1920, they know what ceremonies are actually for. They now have clear concept. They have texts and books to refer to and find meditation as the best tool. The General Buddhist Association in Vietnam is a very dynamic organization representing Buddhism in the country. It represents the true picture of Buddhism in the country. They have done efforts, held conferences in order to not only promote Buddhism but paint a clear picture about the fundamentals of Buddhism. Buddhism has prospered leaps and bounds in the country. Though there are many rival religions in the country, Buddhism is by far the most popular one. As mentioned earlier, almost two thirds of the population practices Buddhism. During 968 it was made the state religion. Buddhism in Vietnam is no wonder superior than any other religion there, as it is not only accepted publicly but also helped in the moral and spiritual training of the general public. People believe it and accept it by heart. They call it the religion of compassion. The imprint of Buddhism can be seen in art and literature as well. Music has also been inspired from it. A European author writes: â€Å"Buddhism was the first foreign influence which had a powerful bearing on the evolution of Chinese thought; and the effect of such an influence was to rekindle, stimulate and develop to the highest pitch not only the religion but also all the other spheres of its civilization A casual glance, even by one who is almost completely unaware of the spiritual world of China, at the plastic arts of China shows how completely they stem from the spirit of Buddhism and how wonderfully they blossomed forth during the Buddhist period† As Buddhism in Vietnam is influenced a lot from China and India, hence it can be said that the Chinese really had an impact on Vietnamese paintings, culture, literature and art. How to cite Earliest Form of Buddhist Education to Be Found In Vietnam, Papers

Its A Wonderful Life Essays - Films, Its A Wonderful Life

Its A Wonderful life Picture a young child full of life and happiness. The love of his parents shows through his eyes, smile, and tears. Some people would like to think that those things about a child are exactly what make life wonderful. People who think that way have no idea how right they are. Its a wonderful life to know that your parent's dreams live on in you. The dream of a mother; that her son will be a doctor. The dream of a father; that his son will some day become a major league baseball player. Most of all when its all said and done, that a child can say as a man, "Its a Wonderful Life". "It's a Wonderful Life" are true stories about events that took place in my life that will be with me forever. I can remember when I was a little boy, I played my first game of baseball. My grandfather practiced with me the whole week before the game. Catching and throwing that baseball seemed like a basketball in my little hands. My grandfather showed me how to place my feet in the batters box and how to bat. From that day on, I was in love with the game of baseball. Now that I look back I wonder what meant more to me, catching that baseball or the fact that my grandfather taught me the game. As I grew older and more mature I learned a lot about my grandfather. I was told stories about his life and what a great ballplayer he was. He could have gone pro, but he didn't have the support of his parents. Instead he went ahead and joined the army. It would kill most men to come that close to their dreams, but if you ask him it was a wonderful life. I was now a teenager at the age of sixteen, and it was time to get my driver's license. This was a day that every parent dreads, and my mom was one of them. I can remember asking my mother for the car keys so that I could take my road test. I detected a small smile under her rolling eyes and stone hard frown. My mom understood how she felt when she got her license. It meant freedom and responsibility for someone she raised from a baby. I can still remember mom saying, "You damn kids grow up too fast" as a single tear rolled down her face. That night I didn't even leave the house. My mother and I talked for hours about how it was when she was young. It was an enjoyable evening just talking to her. It was a wonderful life. Graduation day from high school never comes soon enough, so we think. Until the day is over then we wish half our lives we could get back to that time. It was the sixth of June 1996, graduation day. I never felt so happy to have a piece of paper in my hand. That paper was worth four years of my life. It symbolized my stressful days at school. It meant four years of baseball, football, and wrestling. The years of my life that were hard to endure, but so easy to look back on. These were the days that tested my knowledge and spirit. These are the people and places that will live in my memory forever. There was a place called "Tanner Park". This was the place everyone went to get away from it all. People showed off their cars and threw around the old football. The girls there wouldn't give me the time of day, but yet I still managed to have fun. I remember the all night parties that seemed to never end. Although these four years of my life were during my childhood, they helped make it a wonderful life. My life is not over. The life I live is far from over. I don't regret any of the things that I've said or done because they are what make up my life. The dreams my parents have for me live on in my heart everyday along with my own. It doesn't matter if those dreams become reality, for I know I've put my best effort forward and that my dreams will live on in my children. That's what will make my life truly wonderful.